Speaker membrane as Helmholtz resonator

In this study, we propose an innovative method for augmenting loudspeaker performance through the integration of a Helmholtz resonator into the speaker membrane. Conventional ported enclosures typically depend on a separate bass-reflex tube to enhance low-frequency efficiency. In contrast, our approach involves embedding the resonator within the membrane's structure. Various diaphragm configurations are analysed, including an empty reference membrane, a diaphragm with a simple aperture, and a diaphragm with an extended aperture (tube) to augment the inertial mass of the air. The interaction of the acoustic and structural domains is simulated utilizing COMSOL Multiphysics, and a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is applied to refine the resonator geometry. The findings indicate that embedded apertures and tubes can effectively adjust resonance characteristics and enhance efficiency within targeted frequency bands, thereby introducing new avenues for the development of compact and high-performance loudspeaker enclosures.